Greetings :
The most common greeting in Egypt are:
Hi ….. Marhaba
Good bye ….. Maa Salama
Please ….. Min Fadlak
Thank you ….. Shukran
Congratulations .. Mabruk
Peace be upon you . Salam alaykum
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%>
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Pre-dynastic history
Archaeological evidence
suggests that Egypt was inhabited by hunters over 250,000 years ago
when the region was a green grassland. The Palaeolithic period around
25,000BC brought climatic changes which turned Egypt into a desert.
The inhabitants survived by hunting and fishing and through a
primitive form of cultivation. Desertification of Egypt was halted by
rains which allowed communities of cultivators to settle in Middle
Egypt and the Nile Delta. These farmers grew wheat, flax and wove
linen fabrics in addition to tending flocks.
The first indigenous civilizations in Egypt have been identified in
the south of the country through archaeological excavations. The
Badarian culture is the earliest known developed Egyptian civilization
based on farming, hunting and mining. Badarians produced fine pottery
and carved objects as well as acquiring turquoise and wood through
trading.
The Naqada lived in larger settlements about 4,000BC and produced
decorated pottery and figurines made from clay and ivory which
indicate they were a war-like people. Naqada artefacts from 3,300BC
show further development both in terms of culture and technology.
Evidence of irrigation systems and more advanced burial sites, as well
as the use of alien materials like lapis lazuli, indicate a cultural
diversity and the development of external trading.
Throughout most of its pre-dynastic history Egypt encompassed a
multiplicity of settlements which gradually became small tribal
kingdoms. These kingdoms evolved into two loosely confederated states:
one encompassed the Nile valley up to the Delta (with the Naqada
dominating) with "HIERAKONPOLIS" as capital, represented by the
deities Seth and White Crown; the other encompassed the Delta, with "BUTO"
as its capital and represented by the deities Horus and Red Crown.
The two kingdoms vied for power over all the land of Egypt.
This struggle led to the victory of the south and the unification of
the Two Lands in 3100BC under the command of Menes who is also known
as Narmer. This was the beginning of the dynastic period of the
Pharaohs.
